General Plant Information (Edit)
Plant Habit: Shrub
Tree
Life cycle: Perennial
Sun Requirements: Full Sun
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Water Preferences: Wet
Wet Mesic
Mesic
Dry Mesic
Soil pH Preferences: Strongly acid (5.1 – 5.5)
Moderately acid (5.6 – 6.0)
Slightly acid (6.1 – 6.5)
Neutral (6.6 – 7.3)
Slightly alkaline (7.4 – 7.8)
Minimum cold hardiness: Zone 6a -23.3 °C (-10 °F) to -20.6 °C (-5 °F)
Maximum recommended zone: Zone 9b
Plant Height: 7-15 feet (2-4.5m) up to 30 feet (9m)
Leaves: Good fall color
Evergreen
Semi-evergreen
Deciduous
Fruit: Other: brown dry capsule
Fruiting Time: Late summer or early fall
Fall
Late fall or early winter
Winter
Flowers: Showy
Fragrant
Other: flowers appear at base of current season's growth
Flower Color: White
Flower Time: Late spring or early summer
Summer
Suitable Locations: Bog gardening
Uses: Provides winter interest
Erosion control
Will Naturalize
Wildlife Attractant: Bees
Resistances: Flood Resistant
Propagation: Seeds: Sow in situ
Other info: seeds can be directly sown
Propagation: Other methods: Cuttings: Tip
Cuttings: Root
Pollinators: Bees
Miscellaneous: Monoecious

Image
Common names
  • Leatherwood
  • Swamp Titi
  • Titi
  • Swamp Cyrilla
Botanical names
  • Accepted: Cyrilla racemiflora
  • Synonym: Cyrilla parvifolia
  • Synonym: Cyrilla racemiflora var. parvifolia

Photo Gallery

Date: c. 1800-05
illustration by P. J. Redouté from Duhamel's 'Traité des arbres
Location: Western Washington
Location: Aberdeen, NC Pages Lake park
Date: June 14, 2022
Leather wood #56; RAB p.678, 111-1-1. Name origin unknown.
Location: Western Washington
Location: Aberdeen, NC Pages Lake park
Date: June 1, 2022
Leather wood #56 (RAB p.678, 111-1-1).
Location: Aberdeen, NC Pages Lake park
Date: June 14, 2022
Leather wood #56; RAB p.678, 111-1-1. Name origin unknown.
Location: Aberdeen, NC Pages Lake park
Date: June 14, 2022
Leather wood #56; RAB p.678, 111-1-1. Name origin unknown.
Location: Watson Rare Native Plant Preserve, Tyler, County, Texas
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: Arnold Arboretum Boston
Date: 2021-08-02
Location: Watson Rare Native Plant Preserve, Tyler, County, Texas
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: Arnold Arboretum Boston
Date: 2021-08-02
Location: Watson Rare Native Plant Preserve, Tyler, County, Texas
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: Watson Rare Native Plant Preserve, Tyler, County, Texas
Date: June 17, 2014
Close-up of individual flowers.
Photo by SongofJoy

Date: 2014-01-29
Location: Aberdeen, NC
Date: October 21, 2021
Leather wood #56 (RAB p.678, 111-1-1).
Location: Jenkins Arboretum in Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Date: 2020-01-12
maturing, but still young shrub in a mild winter
Location: Watson Rare Native Plant Preserve, Tyler, County, Texas
Date: June 17, 2014
Location: Jenkins Arboretum in Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Date: 2019-05-26
two shrubs planted
Location: Jenkins Arboretum in Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Date: 2019-05-26
spring foliage
Comments:
  • Posted by SongofJoy (Clarksville, TN - Zone 6b) on Oct 5, 2012 6:18 AM concerning plant:
    Sunlight Gardens: "If you've ever seen thicket of TiTi along streams or swamps of the southeast, you had to have been taken back by the wonderful fragrance of the late spring-early summer flowers, or the gorgeous red or orange fall leaf color, or the beautiful, irregular, twisting, contorted branching patterns. This is truly a shrub for all seasons. Growing in moist or wet places in the southeast, TiTi is a small, graceful tree or shrub (10-15 feet tall) with a rounded shape. Its creamy white flowers are in 3 to 6 inch long drooping clusters. Bees love them and the honey of TiTi is harvested commercially. In the south, it holds its deep green leaves all winter but loses them further north. ;;Or for something unusual, use TiTi as a native alternative to Japanese maple. Its low, twisting, contorted branches resemble the ornamental shapes of these dwarf maples. Plus its bark is very attractive in the winter when the leaves are gone. Imagine it at the top of a low wall. TiTi is a lovely and unusual tree for a bright place with average to moist soil."
  • Posted by ILPARW (southeast Pennsylvania - Zone 6b) on May 29, 2019 1:38 PM concerning plant:
    This is a new plant species to me, as I have only seen a few at Jenkins Arboretum in southeast Pennsylvania. Its native range is from east Texas along the Gulf coast to central Florida and up the Atlantic coastal plain into southeast Virginia in bogs, swamps, bottomlands, stream banks, limestone sinks, high sandy exposed ridges, and dunes. It favours draining wet to moist soils, but tolerates dry soils in an acid to alkaline pH range, though more common in acid soils. It is usually a large shrub 12 to 20 feet high, but can be a small tree up to 35 feet high. It has a dense, fibrous root system with shallow to deep lateral roots, and transplants easily. It is a lovely woody plant with very fragrant, little white flowers in drooping spikes, and depending on how far north, it ranges from evergreen to semi-evergreen to deciduous.
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