Lindalee,
It depends on what kind of bulbs they are. If they are tulips, crocus, hyacinths, lilium, or daffodils, they are fine in the planter outside all winter. Some bulbs need a certain amount of time in freezing weather in order to bloom, so putting the pot in the garage might keep them from blooming, if your garage is heated.
The only issue with planting bulbs such as tulips in a planter is, if you leave them in there over the summer and plant other things in the pot, then they might get too much water and rot.
Hope that helps!
Cindi