I grow mine outside and in a greenhouse. This is the time of year is where they get attacked by scale and mealy bug, and also the time where they naturally start discarding leaves in preparation for going dormant. Its not anything you can control or prevent...plumeria go dormant in the days of less light and less water even in their native habitats. Let the leaves that are going down go down, pull them off when they let go, and keep what remains. Its a natural process. Im my greenhouse, I let them just drop leaves as they wish, UNLESS I see active insect infestation. Then I cut those leaves off, because treating them with pesticide at this time of year is worthless, the leaves will eventually fall off when dormancy starts anyway.
The plants I have planted in the ground outside the greenhouse just fend for themselves. There are natural predators to take care of pests. If the leaves fall off, that's ok.
I have a tray and a half of new seedlings that I started from seeds I collected from some plants last May at the beach that are about 8-10 inches tall, they are also dropping leaves . But its no worries, I have grown plumeria since the late 1980's when I lived in Los Angeles before I moved to Florida and I know by now its just part of the natural cycle of this plant