My general rule of thumb is that if it cannot be removed with deliberate action of a toothpick (or other small pointy tool), then it is not an insect. As for the fungal realm, I almost never experience problems there because my plants get lots of light and lots of air flow. Those are your antidotes for fungal problems, to the extent they are within reach. Strong light and continual air flow are your cacti's friends. There are (at least) two other possibilities to consider: scarring from some previous attack, or spider mites. I have no experience with spider mites (they hate humidity, and our average humidity here is 70-80%). Mite control is distinct from insect control and requires different chemical agents.
When in doubt, the easiest and least harmful treatment for any cactus malady of this type is 70% alcohol from a spray bottle, in fine spray. It will pretty reliably kill insects as long as it contacts them directly. Do this right around sundown, to avoid direct sun on the treated parts, and to allow the alcohol to persist in liquid form for as long as possible.
Most cacti (and many succulents) are covered with a waxy layer that makes them extremely resistant to the deleterious effects of alcohol, so you don't need to worry about harming the plant, providing you aren't dumping industrial quantities of alcohol on there.
If the alcohol does not work, move on to step B: mite or fungus control.