I'm guessing it has to do with insufficient light. From the photos it looks to me more like pale green instead of yellow, which would sort of suggest low light, especially if it were combined with narrowing stems (which I'm seeing in the first pic) and lengthening internodes (which I'm not really seeing anywhere). Those are the classic indicators of etiolation, so you know what to look for down the road. The internode is the distance between successive areoles along a stem.
Another thing relating to the blue color of the first plant, at least toward the base. Blue cacti are often bluer in strong light, and I usually try to dial up the sun to enjoy that aspect. Some of them seem to be needy about light for good health as well. Depending on the plant, they may actually turn more of a blue-green or pale green when they are receiving a lot of protection. What I'm guessing is the first plant changed location when it was roughly half as tall as it is now, from a bright place to a dimmer place. That transition may have taken place between the grower and the seller, because your plant has put on very little new growth in a month's time even under the best of conditions. This is probably a historic effect, most likely nothing to do with your care thus far. Was that blue cactus actually all blue when you got it, or did you just recently notice it is two different colors? Subtle changes in color are not always obvious to us when we aren't paying attention.
Not knowing the ID of your blue cactus, I can't really speculate much more than that.
As for watering, it's good that you're paying attention and exercising discipline, and it's good to give the roots a time out after repotting. The ideal watering cycle (from my viewpoint) should go from saturated (but not supersaturated, ie. sitting in a pool of water) to dry or almost dry (at depth, not just at the surface) in a fairly reliable way, life and other matters permitting. The lower the light, the less frequent the water. If a plant is not seeing the sun for hours a day year round (weather permitting) then maybe cut its frequency in half during dark periods, until you are able to get a better handle on the situation through observation.