These 'growths' developed over the last fall/winter season, I've been around plumeria plants all my life and never seen such a thing.

Please look at the photo - what are they and what do I do about/with them. Not sure if its because of their presence, I'm not getting any flower stalks. The flowers should be light pink.

You have seed pods on your plant! Lucky you! They take about 9 months to be ready to remove the seeds. Someone else here can tell you how to do that. Mine have never been pollinated and formed seeds.