Butterfly bush (Buddleja sp.): don't touch it now. If the plant has been in your garden for at least a couple of years, in late Winter/early Spring cut it back until it's about a couple of feet tall to encourage the production of larger flowers. If it's a new transplant, just remove damaged limbs (if any) and let it be for the time being.
Salvia. It depends on what Salvia it is. I have a few plants of Garden sage (S. officinalis) for cooking and in February I cut them back until there's just 4-5" and a few leaves left. While not strictly needed I have found that adding at this time an NPK fertilizer gives the leaves a much more defined taste down the road.
Roses. Depends on what you have, but they are usually pruned in Late winter when new shoots become apparent. Each type of rose (Thea hybrid, Bourbon, climber etc) has different pruning requirements and ramblers are only pruned to keep their growth in check. It's very important to give them plenty of fertilizer and that is usually done when the soil starts thawing at the end of the Winter.
Azalea/rhododendron. Just give them a foliar or liquid fertilizer at regular intervals and leave them be because they are growing the buds for next year blooming.
Differently from other hydrangeas oakleaves require minimal pruning, if any. I would just remove any suckers (unless you want your plant to spread) and apply a fertilizer when the soil thaws.
Japanese laurel requires pruning only if it's growing too much, and even them think it through because they are very slow growing bushes.
Pruning is as much an art as it's a science and it's about 30% training and 70% experience, and you never stop learning.
Finally one of the most important things you can do in the Fall is cleaning up. This mostly means raking up the fallen leaves and getting rid of them: besides being unsightly they are the perfect overwintering ground for all sorts of fungine diseases and quite a few pests as well. Composting unprocessed leaves takes years (literally) so you may want to either review your options or invest in a good quality chipper/shredder.
In the days of yore container cleaning was an important activity as well, especially given it was done with a brush and a bucked of hot water, but these days pressure washers make it a quick and easy job to be done just before the beginning of the growing season.
Anythting else, just ask.
