The blue columnar cacti look like Pilosocereus, the third from the end looks like Parodia. Sorry, that's all I got.
Water schedules will be same for all those plants, and most succulents. You want the soil to go dry at depth (not just at the surface) each time. There is no particular advantage to allowing the soil to stay bone dry for any extended period, but there is a risk of rot if it does not go dry enough often enough. There probably will not be a schedule as such, to the extent it will take different amounts of time for the soil to go dry at different times of year (depending on light, temperature, etc.). Maybe once a week with bright light in summer, once every 2-3 weeks with bright light in winter.
When you do water, water well (to saturation), ideally in more than one pass (waiting a few minutes in between for the soil to absorb water).
