Welcome to ATP!
I grow eggplants in containers, have grown zucchini (the container types work best) and tomatoes ion containers. Also peppers work well. One to a 5 gallon bucket or container.
By trellising you can grow peas or pole beans. Cucumbers or Cantaloupe type melons. I have grown greens like bok choi and lettuce. Also most any herbs grow well in containers. I have grown dill, chives, parsley, cilantro and basil.