Growing roses up through mature trees seems like a challenge. Besides the shade there is the problem of root competition. Not sure all the following roses would survive either one. One might consider growing it to something more than head-high in a 24 inch pot and in a location that gets extra light. (Or move it twice a day on a dolly to catch the light. Just an idea...)
Paul's Himalayan Musk is sold as a rose to scramble through trees, but I lost mine in the first year. Mme Alfred Carriere is the most vigorous rose in my garden, and could easily cover a pergola or smallish tree. I've seen Gruss an Zabern trained to reach 20 ft in two opposite directions. And I know that it will grow in deep shade. It's not a very sophisticted blossom, but it can be quite vigorous and very generous in bloom.
I've grown New Dawn in zone 8a in TX, at the base of a downspout on south-facing wall and it easily reached 15 ft in one season. Sport Awakening has reached half that here in zone 7b in twice the time. I've seen photos of Coral Dawn scrambling across reddish roof tiles; and its a good look. Half-sister Blossomtime seems rather less vigorous in my garden being waist high at four years of age. While we're talking about wichuriana climbers, I wonder if something like Alberic Barbiere or Francoise Juranville might work?
Alexander Mc Kenzie can grow huge, and its purplish flowers have an air of distinction. John Cabot or several other of the Canadian Explorer series might merit a look. I've heard that Dortmund can grow to great heights. Lots of vigor, lots of color; maybe not so much refinement.
I'm very pleased with Malvern Hills, but it took a full five years to produce its first nine-foot long cane. I imagine its good for half again that height in ideal conditions.
