There is some speculation that some lily viruses may be able to live for a very short while (hours) outside of living tissue. Certainly not surviving in the soil as you ask, unless there is a surviving piece of infected lily, like a bulb scale, or bulblet.
edited to add
There are some nematodes that live in the soil that can transmit virus. Zone 4, and maybe zone 5, areas need not worry as these nematodes do not survive the winters.
