You can try the beans and cucumbers now for sure, might get a harvest still. The others I think are too late to start from seed this year but you can save the seed for next year. Watermelon and cantaloupe will need to be planted elsewhere. They are spreading plants and just two of one of those can take up that whole bed plus grow down the side. Same for pumpkin.
Carrots and beets are cool weather growers. The carrots you might be able to plant for a fall crop, beets I'm not sure if you can do fall planting or not but Spring planting for sure.
