Natalie, yes, but only if the dog mauls the toad and ingests the toxins in the skin, or that exuded because of pressure or fear. There should also be the similar problem in the US of dogs becoming addicted to mouthing them because of the hit. Terriers are especially likely to become addicts.
Deb, yes it is not usual that amphibians and dogs interact and poisoning by toads is not common. As well, dogs can be taught to leave them be. Here we have little choice because the introduced pest Cane Toad is ubiquitous.